Signs of dental problems
Just like us, cats develop plaque on their teeth. If the plaque isn't removed, it hardens into tartar. This irritates the gums, causing them to become inflamed. Ultimately, it can lead to tooth loss. If your cat has serious dental problems and these aren't treated, the buildup of bacteria in the mouth can lead to other complications, such as heart and kidney problems. What should you watch out for, and how can you help keep your feline friend's teeth in top condition?
The first thing you'll probably notice is your cat's bad breath—it's hard to ignore! This is a sign of advanced gum disease, also known as gingivitis. Other symptoms include red gums, yellow-brown tartar buildup, and drooling.
Do you notice your cat dropping food from his mouth, chewing only on one side, or losing weight because he can't eat?
If so, he might have very serious gum disease. Sometimes cats with serious dental problems don't show any signs at all. Cats generally don't like to make a fuss when they're not feeling well. So they might not give you any indication that they're in pain.
That's why it's so important to check your cat's teeth, and why dental check-ups at the vet are essential, especially for older cats.
If you notice any problems, take your cat to the vet. This specialist dental care provider will likely recommend extracting loose or damaged teeth and gently removing plaque and tartar using ultrasonic vibrations. This method doesn't damage the tooth surface.
Brushing your cat's teeth
Brushing your cat's teeth is a great way to keep an eye on their teeth and prevent dental problems. Your vet might recommend waiting a while after professional care before trying to brush their teeth yourself. Some of your friends might chuckle at the idea of you brushing your cat's teeth, but with a little time and patience, it can be done—although it will likely take some getting used to.
Ideally, it would be best to try to introduce dental care at a young age. Although a kitten's baby teeth shouldn't be brushed, kittens should get used to having their teeth touched early on. This prepares them for a life with clean teeth.
If your cat isn't used to dental care yet, here are some tips to help you get started:
- Ask the veterinary assistant to demonstrate how to properly brush your cat's teeth.
- Buy toothpaste specifically formulated for cats, with flavors like malt or chicken—delicious! Just as you don't want to use cat toothpaste, your cat should never use human toothpaste.
- Start by putting some of this cat toothpaste on your finger and offering it to your cat for them to lick. Do this daily for a few days while they get used to the taste and texture. Whatever you do, never put your fingers in your cat's mouth—that's asking for trouble.
- Next, buy a toothbrush specifically designed for cats. If you have more than one cat, buy one for each pet to prevent them from spreading bacteria. You can use a baby toothbrush, as they're soft enough. Avoid "finger brushes," as your cat could accidentally bite into them—with your finger stuck in the middle!
- Choose a fixed time of day to encourage brushing teeth to become part of your pet's normal daily routine. It's important to choose a time when you're both relaxed, so both you and your cat are calm and comfortable.
- Keep your cat's back to you as you begin brushing. They might try to get away or flinch. This is also a less confrontational approach.
- If your cat tries to push you away with its paws, you may need someone to help hold it. However, it's better to try to ease your cat into the habit gradually by repeatedly touching its mouth and head over a few days, while reassuring it with calm, soothing words and giving it a treat. There's no rush to start brushing—it's more important that your cat learns to trust the toothpaste, the toothbrush, and you.
- Slowly and gently pull back your cat's lips, and only briefly touch its teeth with the toothbrush at first - reward your cat afterwards.
Do this daily for several days. Only when your cat is completely comfortable with this should you gently begin brushing his teeth, placing the bristles of the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle. This will reach the surface of the tooth and just below the gum line.
Do not place the toothbrush directly on the gums.
Do this very briefly at first (about 10 seconds) before rewarding your cat for its patience.
Dental care products for cats.
The fact is, some cats continue to find brushing annoying, no matter how hard you try. Instead of continuing to stress your cat out, it's best to discuss with your veterinarian what other products you could use, such as oral hygiene gels. These gels contain enzymes that inhibit the bacteria that cause plaque formation. You can give these gels directly to your cat or mix them into their food.
There are also chews available, as well as special dry food containing fibers that effectively brush the surface of your cat's teeth as they chew. Some cats enjoy playing with chew toys. These can help prevent plaque buildup. However, don't rely entirely on them—the best dental care is still a healthy, balanced diet and regular brushing.
It's a good idea to introduce dental care at home to your cat to keep their mouth as clean and healthy as possible throughout their life. With patience and perseverance, most cats learn to tolerate some form of dental cleaning, whether it's brushing or hygiene gels.